The status of pets is getting higher and higher, and many people who keep pets are spoiled. Nowadays, many pets have symptoms of excessive obesity. All pets are kept at home and rarely exercise. Over time, their physical fitness declines and various...
The status of pets is getting higher and higher, and many people who keep pets are spoiled. Nowadays, many pets have symptoms of excessive obesity. All pets are kept at home and rarely exercise. Over time, their physical fitness declines and various diseases come to their doors. Of course, illness is also a variety of factors, but if the owner raises it scientifically in daily life, it will greatly reduce the probability of the pet suffering from illness. Nowadays, kidney failure in dogs and cats has become a common disease for pets. Many shovelers are frightened when they hear these words and feel very serious. Let’s introduce this condition below!
In clinical practice, kidney diseases in dogs and cats are generally divided into acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Acute kidney injury is generally manifested as sudden onset, oligouria or anuric, depression, vomiting and other symptoms; the disease occurs quickly and is in a hurry, and if treated in time, it is possible to recover. Chronic kidney disease is generally manifested as a slow onset or a transition from acute kidney injury, with symptoms such as polyuria or normal urine volume, general mentality, vomiting, etc. It is generally only discovered when animals have acute attacks (several kidney indicators have increased dramatically) or abnormal urine volume. Therefore, chronic kidney disease found in clinical practice is generally in the middle and late stages.
Accurate renal injury (AKI): Some data are still called acute renal failure. What are the treatments for renal failure in a 19-year-old cat?
Generally, the course of the disease is divided into 4 stages:
The first stage is the initial stage, which occurs immediately when the kidneys are pathologically damaged, and there are no clinical symptoms at this time. The second stage of
is the extension period, at which time the kidney will have ischemia, hypoxia, and inflammatory reactions, and there will be persistent cell damage, resulting in apoptosis and necrosis of kidney cells, and there are no clinical symptoms at this time, and it is difficult to detect in laboratory examinations. The third phase is a maintenance period, characterized by azotemia, uremia, or both occur simultaneously and may last for several days or weeks. Oligouria or anuria often occurs at this stage, but a few animals also show polyuria or normal urine volume during this period. The fourth stage is the recovery period, when azotemia or uremia begins to improve during this period, and the renal tubules begin to repair; significant polyuria often occurs at this stage, and renal function may return to normal at this stage, but it is also possible that renal function does not recover from the restoration of renal function, which causes sequelae.
Clinically non-azotemia renal failure may also occur, with abnormal characteristics similar to polyuria during the AKI recovery period.
Causes of acute renal injury (AKI)
Causes of acute renal injury in dogs and cats
Renal ischemia
Hypovolume, hypotension, thrombosis, heart disease, etc.
Infarction
Toxins
Ethylene glycol, heavy metals, phosphorus compounds, grapes or raisins, hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria, lilies, venom (snake venom, bees, wasps, etc.), melamine, etc.
Drugs
Aminoglycosamine antibiotics, amphotericin B, cisplatin, non-steroidal analgesics, developers, etc.
Hypercalcemia
Poisonous rat poison containing vitamin D, etc., and other drugs that increase blood calcium 2}
Hyperviscosmic
Hyperviscosmic, erythrocytosis
Multiorgan failure
Sepsis
Infectious diseases, etc., etc., are diagnosed:
Discussion:
Discussion of dogs and cats during acute kidney injury is abnormal urine volume, depression, vomiting, etc., and are usually confirmed through biochemical results during clinical diagnosis. However, it should be noted that only when kidney function is damaged by more than 2/3 of the kidney function will begin to rise; the kidney early warning examination indicators are actively being studied, and I believe that it will have better indicative significance for the early diagnosis of the kidney in the future. In addition to biochemical examinations on the sick animals, the following examinations and evaluations should be performed before treatment of the sick animals:
1. Assessment of hydration status in the body: whether there is dehydration or hydration transition.
2. Evaluation of basic physical indications: heart rate, pulse, breathing, body temperature, blood pressure, etc.
3. Evaluation of cardiovascular status
4. Evaluation of kidney size, contour, internal echo, blood flow status
5. Evaluation of other organs in the abdominal cavity: Evaluation of other organs such as pancreas, liver, etc.
6. Whether there is a possibility of poisoning or infectious diseases: heavy metals, organophosphorus, etc., special antidote drugs are needed; or whether there are infectious diseases such as Leptospira.
7. Blood pH and ionic balance
8. Urine analysis and bacterial culture
. All the above items are recommended to perform detailed operations before treating dogs and cats. After having a full understanding of the animal's physical condition, necessary treatment will be carried out. Acute kidney injury is an acute and severely dangerous disease. Treatment without fully understanding the body of the diseased animal is particularly dangerous or/and ineffective.
Treatment:
In the clinical practice of small animals, AKI is defined as a rapid loss of renal unit function, but there is no clear standard definition of the decline in renal function and stage of injury. In human renal diseases, the latest classification criteria have been proposed, but this standard is difficult to apply to small animals, because the data of the early stage of AKI such as the concentration of creatinine and urine in serum are generally unreliable. It is difficult for doctors to have a very clear judgment on the treatment and prognosis of the sick animals after obtaining a limited examination report. The trust of the pet owner and the doctor before treatment is particularly important.
Dogs are weak during illness and need their owners to take good care of them and comfort their emotions. When you encounter a disease, don’t retreat or give up. There will be a turning point.
